tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17485892417358606532024-03-13T12:05:08.837-07:00Jefferson County IndianaBob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-43368841572364855602012-06-09T21:39:00.002-07:002012-06-09T21:39:18.071-07:00Paris and Dupont Railroad 1849The 1840s drew a flurry of proposals for new railroads as towns began to understand the power of the new form of transportation. The Madison & Indianapolis Railroad brought prosperity to Madison, which was lost when the big cities were connected by tracks, is extremely well known.. But there was interested by smaller towns throughout the 1800s. And few probably involved a shorter line than the one discussed by the Indiana House of Representatives on Jan.11, 1849
The record shows that the house approved a petition by residents of Jefferson and Jennings County for a charter from Paris to Dupont. This is a distance of less than 15 miles and yet it was seriously considered by the legislature. What is shows, and what petitions continued to show throughout the 1800s, was how little was understand about the economics of the developing railroad industry. The House passed the bill on three readings and sent it to the state Senate, where it must have died quietly.
Railroads were a hot topic. During the same sessions, the assembly considered the Munsie [sic], Jonesboro, Marion and Peru Railroad and to authorize the Shelbyville Lateral Branch to dispose of property. On Feb. 28, 1848, there was a bill to amend the incorporation of the Mount Vernon and New Harmony Railroad, which was originally passed on Feb. 16, 1848. The assembly defeated a bill to incorporate the Evansville and Terra Haute Railroad on Feb. 29, 1848. There must have been a political element involved. This line was defeated by a vote of 29 to 50, yet the much smaller Paris and Dupont line was approved the next year.Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-53661247225469339362011-08-06T11:16:00.000-07:002011-08-06T21:37:49.364-07:00Jefferson County's Battles<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In terms of what is generally accepted about history, this title makes no sense. There weren't any battles in Jefferson County, unless you want to count the Pigeon Roost Massacre. And although that took place in Jefferson County as it existed at the time, its locale is modern Scott County. And while Morgan's raiders liberated a lot of hams at Dupont, there were no battles in the Jefferson County segment of that incursion.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">But there are indications that there were at least two battles in the county, perhaps three. So given the lack of records for the area before 1810, why not more?</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">The first battle was Creek versus Shawnee, a confrontation that took place George Ash, always recounted as Indian George, returned to European civilization in Kentucky about 1796 and before he relocated to the area between Lamb, Ind., in Switzerland County, and the border with Milton Township, Jefferson County.</span></b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">There are several versions of the story of Ash, captured as a boy in Nelson County, Ky., in 1780, and raised among the Shawnee in Ohio. Most dismiss his active involvement with the Indians in ambushing settlers or fighting against them. The least sanitized version was published in the Madison Progress [which I have not found] and reprinted in the Vevay Reveille of March 24 and 31, 1874. In it, Ash recounts two seasons of his dressing in European garb and standing on the northern Ohio shore pretending to be in distress in order to lure passing boats to their occupants' doom. They were successful in at least one of these in which Ash specifies that the Indians hid their canoes on the Indian-Kentucky near "Uncle Dick Bundren's [a spelling pronunciation of Bondurant] farm, which is probably around the location of modern Brooksburg Cemetery.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The exact location of the confrontation is not clear nor its example time. It was in September and it occurred the year after the camp out near the Bondurant farm. Ash said that the Shawnee had returned from a raid in Nelson County, his former home, near where Bethlehem, Ind., is located. They "built a temporary craft in the low grounds,
north of where the city of Madison
now stands ... " camped there for some time with no luck in their attempts to prey on boats and then moved upstream to a location opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River. This all occurred sometime before the signing of the Greenville Treaty in 1795 since most Indian fighting ceased at that point.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Whenever this occurred, the Shawnee had been fighting with the Creek sometime the year before. During their stay in this episode, they received word of a Creek troop advancing. They moved upriver and decided to form a line between the hill and the river bank. Unfortunately, the exact location of the original camp or the amount distance they moved upriver is not given. However, it would seem that if they moved up river into Switzerland County, the bottoms grow wide enough that covering the ground from hill to river would have taken many more men.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">The battle lasted about three hours into the afternoon when the Shawnee attacked and drove the Creeks in a running fight for two or three miles. Unfortunately, Ash did not state the direction. He did report the Creek lost 20 braves and the Shawnee about 10 men out of 110 with 32 more wounded and six of those died later. Ambushes involving the Creeks continue through the next winter and the Shawnee stayed on the north side of the Ohio to avoid a fight.</span></b></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">There is less clear evidence for a battle by George Rogers Clark's troops that may have occurred in Milton Township. The possibility is implicit in the original name of Locust Creek - Battle Creek - which is just downstream from the mouth of the Little Kentucky River. Gen. Charles Scott's 791 mounted troops crossed at the mouth of the Kentucky River or at Battle Creek in 1791, depending on which contemporary account you believe. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0l8pYSHDYK4/Tj2CfboZBUI/AAAAAAAAADQ/WQA1DYDbkl8/s1600/barker+battle+creek+1793.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0l8pYSHDYK4/Tj2CfboZBUI/AAAAAAAAADQ/WQA1DYDbkl8/s320/barker+battle+creek+1793.jpg" width="320" /></a>There's no indication his troops fought anyone in southeastern Indiana as did they in the north. What we do know is the name Battle Creek is on a 1793 map that covers the area. What is not certain is why the creek bears that name but it is clearly labeled on Barker's 1793 map, along with the equally clearly labeled Indian-Kentuck.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">One report has Clark fighting a battle on the Indiana side opposite Battle Creek about 1793, but I have not been able to substantiate that. It is also not clear if it were the same or a different battle from one that occurred in 1779 or 1780 that was described by Henry Wilson, who served in one of Clark's units.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Wilson said that McGary and Ellison's companies cross the Ohio at the mouth of the Kentucky River and about for or five miles, came upon a large Indian Camp on the bank of the river. Nine men in McGary's company were killed or wounded in the ensuing skirmish. He noted that "this little check put a stop to hunting on the shore." </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />Unfortunately, nothing in Wilson's account suggests whether troops had gone upriver, deeper into Switzerland County, or down river into Jefferson, before the fighting broke out.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-88111603703081888462010-05-13T17:36:00.000-07:002010-05-13T17:43:08.675-07:00Disciples Vs. Baptists in Jefferson CountyWhen the Disciples of Christ burst upon the scene in the Midwest in the early 1800s, churches divide and old friends turned against each other. In fact, this seems hardly an overstatement giving some of the evidence that emerges about this doctrinal battle.<br /><br />The friction was shown in the attitudes of the Coffee Creek Baptist church in Jennings County, not far from the Jefferson County border. On the First day of Saturday December 1835, the church minutes show: “On motion is it decided by this church that John B. New and all that hold with him shall not be permitted to preach in our meetinghouse.” And the next action it took was to approve purchase of a lock for the meetinghouse.<br /><br />New had been a Baptist minister. But he was one of the many who turned to the Christians, who were variously known as Campbellites, after their founder Alexander Campbell, Christian Baptist and Reformers, related to the Reformed Church, which is how the denomination thought of itself as reforming a religion that had strayed from the rules of the Bible.<br /><br />New arrived in Madison in 1815 and over the next two to three years, he was clerk for the Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church on the Madison Hilltop, the first church (counting it as a successor of the Crooked Creek Baptist Church), founded in Jefferson County.<br /><br />After attending some of the meetings in Kentucky, he returned to Mt. Pleasant filled with the message and decided to become a minister in 1818. That same year he married and was also on a committee to rewrite Mt. Pleasant’s rules. In the words of an author committed to the truth of the Christian message, New convinced the committee that the only rules it needed were those of the New Testament. The biographical sketch in the book Biographical Sketches of the Pioneer Preaches of Indiana also makes it clear that the Christians saw themselves as in revolt against the Calvinist doctrine of predestination.<br /><br />The lock at Coffee Creek was just one evidence of conflict. Among the members of the Church of Christ, organized by New and Carey Smith in Madison in 1832, was another elder, Jesse Mavity, who had taught school in the basement of the Masonic Hall along with his brother Henry. “Prior to the organization of the church, who had preached with great acceptance for the several denominations of the city, all of whom were liberal patrons of his school,” But because of Mavity affiliated with the Christians, when he changed his school to a high school, the subscribers withdrew. This account makes it sounds as if the Mavitys were set up for failure by those who urged the change in schools; another that the school was simply abandoned by opponents the new denomination.<br /><br />Churches changed affiliations. The first Baptist Church in Indiana, the Silver Creek Baptist Church in Clark County, joined the Christians. Two New Light Churches (a dissident form of Presbyterianism), a church named Liberty near Kent and another another Liberty Church at Mud Lick (later called Bellview) became Christian bodies in the 1830s.<br /><br />But one of the bitterest fights took place in Milton Township, where the newly founded Milton Church found itself subject to the divisive forces. It may not have been more bitter than elsewhere; but three accounts show that it must have been a heated discussion.<br /><br />All of the accounts have some errors and they gloss over some of the pertinent points, partly because two were written from the viewpoint of the Christians and the other because it was a local history, whose main purpose wasn’t defining religious movements.<br /><br />The Milton Baptist Church was founded in 1829 in Milton Township about two miles east of modern Manville. It was the first church that organized in and met in Milton Township.<br />It must have been subject to tension from the beginning for a History of Milton Township written sometime before 1908, probably by William Ryker, then president of the Jefferson County Historical Society, refers to the Manville Christian as growing out of a Manville Baptist Church. No such body every existed—it clearly grew out of Milton.<br /><br />This account says the church had two ministers, Benjamin Levitt and Joseph Hankins, who were divided on practice, one for open communion, one for closed communion. Then Jacob Short, who had been one of the founders of the Indian-Kentuck Baptist Church, included Beverly Vawter to speak. Son of Baptist minister Philemon Vawter and nephew of Baptist minister Jesse Vawter, Beverly had gone over to the reformers and was a major force in Jefferson and Switzerland County. Hankins, who was the minister at Milton Baptist Church in the early 1830s gets no more mention in his role in the events. But Levitt was an important player.<br /><br />A biographical sketch of Beverly Vawter, in the same volume that profiled New, said that in the summer of 1830 “he was invited to attend the monthly meeting of a Separate Baptist church near the forks of Indian Kentucky. Their preacher and elder was a man by the name of Levitt, who was bitterly opposed to what he was pleased to denominate Campbellism.”<br /><br />After Vawter preached and four members confessed and were to be baptized, Levitt was requested to attend their immersion and refused with "No, sir, they are your converts—I will have nothing to do with them." At the next church meeting, it was clear Vawter had won. (The formality of the quotes attributed to Levitt sound like they were constructed in later years, fairly typical for writings of the era.)<br /><br />The story concludes with “This was the origin of the Church of Christ, now* known as Milton<br />Church, which still yields the peaceable fruits of righteousness under the pastoral care of Charles Lanham.” This time, the error in church names goes the other way. Because Lanham was known to be a minister at Manville Christian Church, and given the location at the forks of the Indian-Kentuck, the new body was clearly Manville.<br /><br />Important points are lost here. Levitt, a native of Rhode Island, represented a more liberal Baptist view in which the ministers were sometimes affiliated with the Free Will Baptists, sometimes with the Separate Baptists. The Free Wills formed several congregations in Ripley and Switzerland County, but none in Jefferson County (unless the Milton Church was temporarily a free will). The Separate Baptists had only the church at Center Grove in Shelby Township, which became the regular Hicks Baptist Church in 1894, while there were more in Switzerland and Ripley Counties. Both bodies were non-Calvinist and most congregations were decidedly anti-slavery. There may have been a regional split—a more educated Northeasterner against the home grown ministers. It’s likely there was a whole mix of issues.<br /><br />In any event, important members of the Milton Church show up in records of the Manville church from its founding. John Lanham and William Yates, who were messengers from the Milton Church to the Coffee Creek Baptist Association in 1829, were members No 2. And No. 4 respectively on the Manville membership list and Jacob Short was No. 21. There are no dates on this list before member No. 36, but it’s possible these were all charter members. And they brought their families within them. The final word on the Hankins role was that they stayed with Milton. Joseph Hankins died in 1836 and the church disbanded, but it reformed with his children playing a major role.<br /><br />The third account, again from the Christian side, was a letter written on April 7, 1834 and printed in the Christian Evangelist. Its language is pious, bordering on haughtiness.<br /><br />Not naming the church, but noting its location on the Indian-Kentuck Creek, the writer reported, “We esteem the word of God as living and effective and since we got rid of the Babylonians, thirteen of fourteen have been added to our number. Seven of the old folks remain obdurate, two of them were elders and one a Rabbi.”Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-12526395361395349822010-03-30T10:18:00.000-07:002011-08-06T21:51:08.966-07:00A Mississippi Fight Over Free Jefferson County Blacks<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
At the first glance, it's easy to miss that there was anything unusual about James Brown, a 64-year old man who was born in South Carolina and whose household was shown in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, in the 1850 census as enumerated on October 25 that year. But a closer look hints that there was something very different.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The census shows Brown, indicated as white since no race was listed, with five other individuals in the household, all mulattoes. They were Harriet Brown, age 34, Francis Brown, age 18, Louisa Brown, age 11, Jerome B. Brown, age 7, and Theresa V. Brown, age 2, all born in Mississippi. The 1850 census did not record relationships so it could not show that Harriet was Brown's slave and mother of the four younger Browns who were also James' children, and under the laws of Mississippi were his slaves when they were born. </div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>These details emerge via a court case, Shaw vs. Brown, decided by the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals in April 1858, which shows that this family became the subject of a court fight pitting James' brother John and some nieces and nephews against their mulatto cousins as the former tried to claim the children who remained slaves when James died. For reasons not stated, the case revolved around Francis and Jerome only, with the two daughters not mentioned—perhaps they lacked the market value of healthy young male slaves, or they were not listed by name in the will.</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The court's decision spanned about 34,000 words, but taking out the legal arguments, the facts were that James took the children to Indiana to receive an education and that he also intended to set them free, which he did via a will dated Oct. 9, 1853, and then died in 1856. Their status was also the subject of freedom papers filed for Francis and Jerome in Jefferson County and recorded in a mortgage book, unfortunately part of the records awaiting possible restoration following the 2009 courthouse fire. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The family's stay in Jefferson County was brief. Brown moved to Greene County, Indiana, in 1855, and died there. Harriett and the three youngest children were shown in Fairplay in Greene County, in the 1860 census. Francis, apparently married, headed his own household there. However, the reasons for their presence in Lancaster was very important.</div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>Although it's not spelled out in the court papers concerning where Brown intended to obtain the education for his children, it seems obvious he came to Lancaster Township so they could attend the Eleutherian College. I do not know if college recorded their enrollment, but the 1850 census shows Brown and his family two households before John Craven, that institution's founder.</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
A variety of legal arguments went into the effort by Brown's relatives to re-enslave his children. They argued he couldn't legally take them out of state to free them and also cited some visits in which the older children visited Mississippi as a return to residency in the state. And the plaintiffs cited the 1850 constitution of Indiana, which barred the entry of free blacks into Indiana after 1852, another issue in their claim that the will should have been voided. They wanted Brown declared intestate, in which case the children could be sold and proceeds distributed to the other heirs.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
They disputed facts that James claimed paternity of the children, some witnesses claiming he never said he intended to free them, while the plaintiff claimed he took Francis and Jerome to Cincinnati in 1849, intending to free them, and executing an emancipation deed, but then returning with them to Amite County, Miss. to live and that they spoke of that state as their legal residence. The plaintiff also claimed James Brown said he was going to sell the children, while at the same time alleging he fraudulently took them North to free them with the intention of returning to the South. </div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>Richard Shaw, one of the executors, said Brown didn't make it to Cincinnati because of low water in 1849, but did reach that city and freed them and their mother on May 11, 1850 and that they settled in Indiana and lived in the state from that time on. </b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The list of witnesses included James' Brown, John Brown, and John's son, William, and E.A. Haygood, a son of a deceased sister of James, along with Joseph Richardson, one of James' Brown's plantation overseers, whose testimony was designed to show James didn't intend to free his children and that they had maintained their Mississippi residence. Statements were made on both sides by what appear to have friends and neighbors, including some that said the children called Brown "father" and he treated them as such.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Strong testimony in favor of the Browns' having become Hoosiers came from nine Jefferson County residents, including James Nelson, who was active in the Underground Railroad. All lived in the Lancaster area. While another executor, Lemuel Hanks had resigned his position, Richard Shaw took an active and sympathetic role and had warned Francis Brown not to return to Mississippi. Unfortunately, the group didn’t spell out the educational plans. However, Nelson had served as an officer of the Eleutherian College.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The court held it didn't matter in Mississippi what the Indiana law said--the Browns had been allowed to live there and it was Indiana’s business if it didn’t enforce its own laws. It also found there was nothing illegal in Brown's taking the children to Indiana for an education, which, as slaves, they could not get in Mississippi.</div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>The Mississippi court, however, appears to have made a major legal blunder. It said that the Brown children's residence in the Hoosier state because during that time, "the relation of master and slave was of necessity dissolved." However, my reading of the Dred Scott decision, issued in 1857 by the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that moving to a free state did not remove slaves from their position, which made the decision highly unpopular in the north. While the court's statement was in error, the fact that Brown executed deeds to free his children, made it a moot point. (As a non-lawyer, I believe Dred Scott meant Brown had to utilize a legal document to free the children, not simply move them north).</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Since a slaveowner could not utilize a will to devise property to a slave, the court's pivotal question was whether Francis and Jerome were free blacks when the will was made, largely proved by the testimony of an Ohio notary who witnessed the emancipation deeds. Whatever the judge's personal opinions, they rejected a lower court ruling which they said was partly based on prejudice against Negroes, not only the law.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
After all the arguments, the court ruled the Browns were free, reversing the lower court.</div>
Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-15661045521569161382010-02-14T21:28:00.001-08:002011-08-06T21:39:44.723-07:00Six Feet Under: A Brief Review of Cemetery Histories<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Cemeteries have histories. And as a meeting place of East, Mid-Atlantic and South, Jefferson County was a mixed of the different kinds of cemeteries, which developed in different ways.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The rural South tended heavily to family cemeteries in the early years, as did much of Jefferson County with its strong southern contingent. The more urbanized East had more town cemeteries, and perhaps because early Madison's leadership included a number of New Yorkers, the town had a cemetery at the site of John Paul Park, which was removed to Fairmount late in the 1800s. Meanwhile, Madison founded Springdale Cemetery, a municipal cemetery, the only one of its kind if Jefferson County, but by far the largest.</div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>Church cemeteries were often connected to the family cemeteries, particularly in the Indian-Kentuck basin that drains must the eastern section where several family burying grounds became the official church graveyards. Why is not known, but perhaps there were simply fewer good locations because of the hilly landscape.</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The Milton Baptist Church, which existed from 1829 through 1836, and then from 1840 through 1883, was deeded its church cemetery in 1871 by Aaron and Sarah Hankins and it had previously been the Hankins family cemetery.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The origins of other church cemeteries are not so clear. But those with burials before the churches' founding include the cemetery of the former St. Anthony's Catholic Church at China, where the earliest burial, that of James Hamilton in 1847, preceded the church's founding. The Hamiltons were likely not Catholic and local families had an oral traditional about non-Catholic burials there.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Similarly, although the former Olive Branch Methodist Church in Madison Township was founded in its first burial was for Susan Hamilton, wife of James (the same James?), who died in 1820. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
At Canaan, the burial of a Littlejohn came before the organization of the defunct Canaan Methodist church in 1834. The same is true for the Brooksburg Cemetery where are marked graves for 15 Bondurants who died before the founding of the Methodist Church there in 1891. Likewise, at Manville, where the church's founding preceded the establishment of the cemetery, several members of the Manville family were buried whose names appear nowhere on the church membership record.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The cemetery of Ryker's Ridge Baptist Church presents a more confusing case. There were at least three burials there (one Hillis, one Van Cleave, one Ryker), before a non-denominational church reportedly was founded in 1818, although there is no proof the cemetery was associated with that body. And while the Baptist Church was founded in 1840, there are other marked graves, 13 Hillis stones and 4 Ryker stones (not including the unmarked grave of John Ryker), which have dates for those who died before 1840. Complicating this is the fact there was a Presbyterian Church at Ryker's Ridge, possibly from the early 1820s through the mid 1830s. Both Ryker and Hillis families were largely Presbyterian at this point. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
In the western part of the county what is now called the Wiggam Cemetery in Graham Township was originally known as Deputy's graveyard. That was the name it had when John and Elizabeth Wiggam deeded it to the trustees of the United Methodist Church on May 4, 1881. It's the only such transfer of a private graveyard to a church I have yet found in the western part of the county.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>Community cemeteries also started early in the county's history. The cemetery now associated with the Hebron Baptist Church was founded as a private burying ground with the earliest burial in 1814 or 1815. It had its own trustees as late as 1830 and the land was later deed to the church, which was founded in 1828. </b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Also in Monroe Township was the Craig Cemetery, whose first known burial was in 1819. Then on Feb. 26, 1831, William, and his wife Mary Richie, and William Wallace, and his wife Sarah, deed land to the trustees of the burying ground. It was moved to Madison Township with the formation the former Jefferson Proving Ground in 1941. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The only community cemetery in Milton Township, the Joyce Cemetery, has obscure origins. Its first burials are from two families, the McKays and Brooks, and it may have taken shape because the nearby Home Methodist Church (ca. 1830-ca. 1970), had a location that regularly flooded. Certainly, the Brooks were largely Methodist. The earliest known burial was of Ann, wife of Humphrey Brooks, who died in 1832 and the second was for Nancy Brooks Neal, their daughter. The cemetery reportedly took its name from Pliny Joyce who had owned the land. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
There are several cemeteries in the county that belong to vanished churches, and whose prior associations are not widely recognized. The Carmel and Old Bethel Cemeteries in Hanover Township are fairly well known as having been burying grounds for two extinct Presbyterian Churches.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Lesser known affiliations include the Valley Cemetery in Graham Township had been the graveyard for the Valley Methodist Church, but was transferred to a cemetery association. The McKay-Stites Cemetery in Smyrna Township may have been associated with the Upper Big Creek Presbyterian Church, later called the Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian Church and which faded into history after it moved to Dupont.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b>Interestingly, one trend in cemetery formation passed by Jefferson County, and that was the founding of burial grounds by fraternal groups. In Kentuckiana area, this meant primarily the Masons and the International Order of Odd Fellows. </b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Vevay's Cemetery was founded by the IOOF as were the Bedford and Carrollton, Ky., burying grounds and cemeteries in New Liberty and Owenton in Owen County. Ghent in Carroll County and Dallasburg and Monterey, Ky., in Owen County, have Masonic cemeteries.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
There are probably two factors here. The fraternal cemeteries functioned essentially as town cemeteries and that role was already occupied by Springdale in Madison. Also, the other areas lacked Madison's Catholic population, which utilized St. Joseph's and St. Patrick's.</div>
Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-61902078358888088312009-11-13T18:47:00.001-08:002011-08-06T21:52:20.306-07:00Jefferson County's Many Presbyterian Churches<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">Jefferson County </span>was no different in the rest of the country in being affected by differences that arose in denominations. And in the case of the Presbyterians, it followed the same paths that saw the denomination split into the Old Schools and New School congregations during the 1830s. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
But because of its high proportion of Scottish immigrants and Scotch-Irish and Dutch families that moved into the county before 1830, it ended up with an unusually large number of Presbyterians congregations that were divided four ways from the 1830s through the end of the Civil War.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The Scots themselves had two synods that reflected the mixture of Scottish politics and religion and were distinct from the Presbyterian Church USA before and often its split into the New School and Old School factions. And while these churches shared resources in the early days of settlement in the county that became less of a habit later.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;">The first Presbyterian congregation in the county, the former Carmel Church, was founded in what is now Hanover Township in 1812 by Scottish immigrants who left Kentucky because of their distaste for slavery. But in 1820, a group withdrew and formed the Bethel Presbyterian Church just west of Hanover.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
While this split has been pictured as stemming from different opinions about a Scottish minister, it really reflected the division between groups more commonly known as Seceders and Covenanters, terms that arose in Scotland in the 1700s. Seceders gave up on reforming the established Presbyterian Church in Scotland and withdrew from the denomination. The term Covenanter was more politically loaded since they essentially became viewed as traitors in the eyes of the English, although that denotation had worn off before reaching America.. The divisions of the two were crystallized with the formation of the Associate Presbyterian Church (Seceders) and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (Covenanters)</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
This made a world of difference for Carmel was an Associate church and Bethel, an Associate Reformed. And it became increasingly clear the divisions drained the Presbyterian movement. The Associate bodies in Jefferson County included Madison and Big Creek. The Associate Reformed churches were Bethel and Caledonia, on the Jefferson-Switzerland County border, whose heavily Scottish membership put the word “Covenanters” of the title page of the church record book in 1854 after the old records were destroyed by fire. The affiliation of the short-lived Ryker’s Ridge Church (ca. 1822-ca. 1836) is not known as there was preaching by both Carmel’s ministers and those from Madison’s “regular” Presbyterian body.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;">The Old School/New School divisions are equally obscure to most today. There were some political divisions, with the New School a little more anti-slavery and the Old School a bit less. Some authorities place more weight on differences over control of the regular Presbyterian Church between the Scottish element, Old School, and those who followed New England leaders, the New School.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Madison’s Presbyterian Church, the earliest in town, split into the Old School First Presbyterian and New School Second in 1833, with the second often bigger. The Lancaster Presbyterian Church in what was to become Monroe Township, split when Old School members pulled out in 1838. The New Schoolers took up the name Monroe Presbyterian Church and the Old School took the name Lancaster. The Smyrna Church split in the 1830s with the New Church becoming the short-lived Mizpah Presbyterian Church.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Among other Presbyterian bodies, Jefferson Church in Shelby Township was Old School as was one Dupont Presbyterian Church, the Popular Ridge church in Graham Township, Hanover Presbyterian, the Pleasant Township church just inside Switzerland County. Among the new school churches were Sharon Hill, North Madison, Bryantsburg and Central (and China). Most of these were reabsorbed with only Sharon Hill lasting into the second half of the 1900s.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
And with the loss of population in that century, and successful missionary work by the Baptists, most of the county Presbyterian churches disappeared or dwindled.</div>
Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-60075187234576737232009-08-02T19:23:00.000-07:002009-08-06T09:28:23.678-07:00Speaking Southern Hoosier: Names<span style="font-family:arial;">When <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Edward Eggleston</span> wrote "<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">The Hoosier Schoolmaster</span>," he had one character use the word "juberous". Eggleston footnoted the sentence stating that he wasn't certain, but he though the word meant "dubious." I remember when I was 14 and my father was driving us to church he blurted out "I was might juberous about that" in exactly the sense of dubious. Years later, my mother commented "Of course, I've heard it used that way."<br /><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;">And while much of the country terminology, some of it leftover from the Hoosier accent before the Kentucky accent crept north, is gone or dying, it's useful for genealogists, historians and the just curious as to how things were or are pronounced differently.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Other pronunciations that lingered in my family involved names. It took years before I found out that the "Old Doc Mathis place" near China had belonged to a Dr. Mathews. It's just that the name was pronounced Mathis into the late 1900s and it's a pronunciation that bedeviled census takers and later family historians who might not have realized that Mathis and Mathews were the originally the same name.</span></span> <span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />Then there is the name <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Banta</span>, a name from the Frisian area of Holland and one of the families that was part of what was called the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Low Dutch</span>, such as the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Rykers</span> and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Demarees</span>. In my father's hands, it was "Bahn-tee" with the "a" pronounced like the "o" in the word bond and the second "a" converted to a "y" or "i" sound. And that Banty or Bonty spelling pops up in census records in the 1800s. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Likewise, the<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Stewart</span> family name was rendered <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Steward</span> by my parents. It took me years to realize the Steward bridge over the East Prong of the<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Indian Kentuck</span> (where U.S. 62 crosses the creek) was spelled Stewart. In fact, that "d" ending harkens back to the original family occupation, when they were Sty-wards (pigkeepers) for Scottish royalty.</span> <span style="font-family:arial;">And locally, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Buchanan</span> is not Byoo-kanan, but Buh kanan, a pronunciation that caused the name to be spelled Buckhanan or the like in many records.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Demaree</span> got a different treatment. Instead of Dem-a-ree, my father pronounced it Dumb-a-ree. (No offense please) And that was probably a longstanding pronunciation as the 1840 census spells the name as Dumaree. While the Buchanan pronunciation is still common, the Dumb-a-ree is not. Also disappearing is Sibben-tal for <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Siebentha</span>l, which is closer to the original German, but more often now, the last syllable has "thal" like the sound in think.<br /><br />Among other names whose spelling reflected spoken spounds included Bondurant, rendered Bundren or Bundrent, Vernon, often written as Varnon (or worse) and Lewellyn, which often turned out as Lewallen. I can't say that I heard my family use these, but clearly they were not rare versions.<br /></span>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-62327941198006633372009-07-25T20:51:00.000-07:002009-09-11T18:53:44.578-07:00Church Non History<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >When I commented that a newspaper supplement in the Madison Courier about the bicentennial was very accurate and one clunker I have found was a statement that the Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church on Madison's hilltop was the parent to Madison's First Baptist Church.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">"That's what the church says," was the response I got from a friend.</span> <span style="font-family:arial;">It was that same week that I realized how often in writing church histories, writers neglect to read the church's own minutes.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">For example, in the late 1900s, the claim began being made that the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Indian-Kentuck Baptist Church </span>was founded in 1812. The difference isn't terribly important, except that a statement written in the minutes said it was founded in 1814 (the minutes up to 1817 are missing). This was probably the same church history published by the Madison Association in 1860 and written by the church's long-time minister, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Robert Stevenson</span>.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Of course, written history can lead people astray. A <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">History of Milton Township</span> that was published around 1910 for the Jefferson County Historical Society and probably written by the group's president, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">William E. Ryker</span>, said the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville Christian Church </span>grew out of the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville Baptist Church.</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" ><br />The problem is that there is no record of a Manville Baptist Church. And all evidence points to Manville's growing out of the Milton Baptist Church which sat on the East Prong of the Indian-Kentuck Creek and operated 1829-1836 and 1840 until about 1880.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Annual minutes of meetings of the Coffee Creek Baptist Association, which covered Jefferson County during the second half of the 1820s, show no <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville Baptist Church.</span> What they do show is that <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">John Lanham </span>and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">William Yates</span> were messengers from Milton Baptist to the Coffee Creek Association meeting of Sept. 5, 1929, just after that church formed.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />However, <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville Christian Church</span> records show John Lanham was member No. 2 and William Yates member No. 4. Although this part of the list is undated, it appears members were listed as they joined and that the list dates to Manville's founding in 1830 and these two had jumped ship within a year of Milton's founding.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Back to the Madison Church. While it didn't directly originate in Mt. Pleasant, the real story is more remarkable.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Mount Pleasant voted to disband in April 1831 in order to promote the formation of a Baptist church in Madison and most members joined the newly formed <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison Baptist Church</span>, which is clear from a biographical sketch of Mt. Pleasant's minister, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jesse Vawter.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />But Madison had formed a building committee in June 1829 and on December 18 that year, a committee was organized to form a church. The charter members, and these dates, were in a sketch published in the 1869 minutes of the Madison Baptist Association.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">And, oh yes, they are in the minutes of the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison Baptist Church</span>.</span>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-91398745397215673772009-06-15T18:56:00.000-07:002009-06-17T21:40:42.774-07:00Madison and the International Pork Business<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >When Madison packed pork in a big way, it wasn't packing just for the Ohio River Valley or even the Midwest. It was part of an international trade.</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">From the earliest days, Midwestern farmers had connections overseas because the only viable route for their products was the Ohio River, taking goods to New Orleans and sometimes beyond.</span></span> <span style="font-family:arial;">In the footnotes of the book issued as the "<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">History of Switzerland County",</span> Perret Dufour reported how <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Bolens</span> went to New Orleans about 1822 and couldn't get a price he could accept and so took his pork cargo to Havana. Dufour also noted how Bolens spotted a threatening looking man in New Orleans, who he also spotted in the crowd in Cuba, suggesting there was a good bit of traffic between those cities.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">An author named <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">P.L. Simmons</span> </span>spelled out many of the practices of slaughtering and the market for pork products in an article entitled, "The Commercial Products of the Hog," which was published in the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-style: italic;">Journal of Agriculture </span>in an issue dated July 1855-March 1857. He reported 38,164 barrels of pork were imported at Liverpool during the year ended Oct. 31, 1853, with 10,500 barrels originating in Canada and the United States. He noted that businesses that catered to the New York market did their slaughtering principally from October 1 to December 1 each year to avoid icing of waterways. Madison's season generally fit into this period.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Two court actions show how the shipping business worked. In 1850, there was an shipment that gave rise to a law suit (<span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Josiah Lawrence vs. White and Stevens</span>) in the U.S. Circuit Court regarding "A contract to deliver pork at <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison,</span> in the State of Indiana, well put up, for the English market …" The pork was shipped to <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">New Orleans</span> and then to <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Baltimore</span>, where it was received spoiled. The contract called for the delivery of 319 boxes of long middles of pork with the Cumberland cut, meaning part of the bone was left in. Each box contained seven or eight middles. The contract had called for 500 boxed, but that was reduced. That meant the original plan involved delivery of middles from more than 3,500 hogs. The defendants (presumably David White and Stephen Stevens) won their case, largely because the defendant found the pork in good order at Madison.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >Even after its boom had passed, Madison was still involved in the international trade. Another Madison packer, Fitch & Son, squared off against City of Madison who assessed for pork as personal property in 1860 and 1861. The Indiana Supreme Court ruled against Madison. Noting many residents engaged in businesses shipping goods to New Orleans and to foreign markets it commented that the pork business could not be taxed.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">"</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Filch & Son</span>, during all that time, had no money or other personal property except their pork, all of which was for export, and was then in process of being exported to a foreign market." Those were key words for the court noted the Madison city charter, as amended in 1849, exempted produce held for export or in transit and found that the pork fit that definition.</span>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-22792919554693593932009-05-25T20:55:00.000-07:002009-06-10T15:46:26.003-07:00Jefferson County's Records<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >This article is designed to provide an overview to the records in the Jefferson County courthouse, and what can be lost if they cannot be salvaged following this month's fire.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">After 40 years of studying them, I believe I know more about their contents than anyone as there are many types of records that I have not seen anyone else use, although I do not profess to be an expert on every record.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Nevertheless, wills, probate records, warranty deeds and marriage returns for the 1800s have been microfilmed and copies are available for viewing at several places, including the Madison-Jefferson County library. Modern deeds are being filmed, instead of being placed into books, as a matter of day-to-day operation by the recorder's office. I cannot testify as to whether all wills, probate records and marriages have been filmed from 1900 on.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">There are many records that I do not believe have been microfilmed, including the following.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">Auditor's Office: </span>County Commissioners Records from 1817 on. The first book has been partly transcribed by Ruth Hoggatt and is available on www.myindianahome.net and there were two books, typed transcriptions of the first two books. These are indexed, but in a way that does not make them easy for family historians to use.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">Auditor's Office: </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Tax Title Sales. These are the deeds that transfer land when an owner loses the property because of failure to pay taxes. If you lost track of your ancestor's land, it's possible it was for nonpayment of taxes and these are not included in the warranty deed books in the recorder's office.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">Auditor's Office: </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Tax assessment records. There were few existing, 1827, 1828 1831 and 1833 for the whole county and 1829 for Madison Township alone. These have been placed on CD and are available through the Jefferson County Historical Society.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">Auditor's Office: </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Land transfer records. Useful, but not critical. Organized by year and township.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span> Warranty deeds, as mentioned these have been microfilmed as have the deed indexes. They exist to the beginning of Jefferson County.</span>
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span>
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Sheriff's Deed Books. There are perhaps five of these and they cover loss of property via sheriff's sale. They are sometimes indexed in the warranty deed index books, but the deeds themselves are not in the regular books. Not microfilmed to my knowledge.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Entry books. These show original owners of tracts. The first set was abstracted by </span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Preview" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_preview.wmf"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:50331648 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Times; mso-hansi-font-family:Times;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]-->W.G. Ruesink <span style="font-family:arial;">and published by the Jefferson County Historical Society.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Mortgage records. Before about 1873, these include a lot of deed descriptions that simply reiterate what's in the deed book, but tie the sale to the loan. However, during this period mortgage books also record election of church and fraternal organization officers. They also include some freedom papers for blacks and some incorporation papers. They are hardly used and I don't they are microfilmed.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Miscellaneous Record Books. From about 1873 on, these include the church and fraternal organization elections, powers of attorney (often involve sale of a decedent's property and so valuable for family history research), lease and incorporations. Not microfilmed to my knowledge.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Apprenticeship book. There is only one of these to my knowledge. These can be very valuable for genealogist. I started transcribing it but didn't get far. It covers about the 1840s and 1850s--I only have referenced one of these in my family. These are not include in the Apprenticeship records abstracted in the 1900s by the John Paul Chapter DAR and have not been filmed</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Articles of Incorporation. Record of incorporated companies from the second half of the 1800s. One book, not filmed.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Soldier's Discharge Record-Civil War soldiers. Ruth Hoggatt abstracted some of these, but not filmed to my knowledge.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Will Books. For whatever reason, perhaps four or five of these exist and are duplicates of what's in the circuit court clerk's office.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recorder's Office</span>:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Gas and Oil leases. Not filmed</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Circuit Court Clerk's office.</span> Will, marriage return and marriage application books were in the office on the second floor. Other records were placed in the basement</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Naomi Sexton published Book A of the wills in the Hoosier Journal of Ancestry. The DAR abstracted wills and two books were placed in the Madison library. I merged these two together and added probate records and estate settlements from deeds and suits. This is available at www.myindianahome.net.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Circuit Court Clerk's office.</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Guardianship Book. There was only one of these and I have not seen it in a long time. There was a report, I can't remember from who, that it was taken to Indianapolis, either the state library or archives. I know from records I used it included guardianships in the 1860s and 1870s.</span>
<br />
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement:</span> Probate Order Books. Many of these were filmed. Wills from the 1830s and 1840s were filed in these not in books marked Will Books. This led many to believe wills from this period had not survived.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Complete Probate Order Books. A wealth of material if your ancestor's estate was recorded in these. Both these and the order books can include names of heirs. Not sure if the complete records were microfilmed.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Civil Order Books. The first Book, Volume A, is critical because at that time, the court not only handled probate and criminal and civil suits, but administered the county business. I am not sure it has been filmed. I believe Naomi Sexton transcribed at least part of this book and published it in the Hoosier Journal of Ancestry.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement:</span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"> Complete Record Civil Order Book. Not filmed to my knowledge</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement: </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Criminal Order Books. I forget how the spines are marked, but the criminal cases from the 1800s were in the basement and I don't think they were filmed.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;">Basement: </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Indexes to civil and probate books, after 1860. Early books each contained indexes, although since these were not bound to the main volume, some have disappeared.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Other abstracted records</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Apprencticeship records.</span> Abstracted by the John Paul DAR in the 1900s, they were transcribed by me and are available www.myindianahome.net. These appear to come from court books and do not include the volume in the recorder's office.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Naturalization records</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">.</span> Abstracted by the John Paul DAR in the 1900s, they were transcribed by me and are available www.myindianahome.net. These appear to come from court books</span>
<br />
<br />
<br />Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-32477329604583899592009-03-22T19:21:00.000-07:002009-03-22T19:22:42.902-07:00Michael Bright Corners Madison's bank stock<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.gtxtbody, li.gtxtbody, div.gtxtbody {mso-style-name:gtxt_body; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.gstxthlt {mso-style-name:gstxt_hlt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">The question is not whether Michael G. Bright, brother of powerful Senator Jesse G. Bright conspired to capture a lion’s share of stock at the branches of the Indiana State Bank. The question is whether financier James F.D. Lanier was in on the deal.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Bright did everything he could to control the sale of stock at <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>, and probably at <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Lawrenceburg</span> as subscriptions to stock for the newly chartered bank, was supposed to be open to the public at the branches throughout the state. But while branches such as <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">New Albany</st1:city></st1:place> had shares sold to 40 or more persons, there were only a handful who bought stock at Madison and Lawrenceburg, and some others, where different businessmen grabbed the shares. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Technically, the <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:place> office was open from 9 a.m. through noon, as required by law. By in reality, the books closed after perhaps 15 minutes.. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Bright </span>acquired 1,200 of the 2,000 shares sold at <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> and 1,200 of 2,000 sold at Lawrenceburg. At <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>, the only successful purchasers were <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jesse Bright’</span>s son <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Richard J., Bright, Joseph Chapman</span>, along <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">John Marsh</span> and <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">J.B. Merriweather</span>, the two subcommissioners were in charge of opening and closing the sales with 200 shares each. Chapman had been Michael’s law partner and Merriweather was later Chapman’s law partner.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">If in our modern view this procedure smelled rotten, there were many people who thought so then, which resulted in state senate’s appointing an investigating committee, which took testimony in January and February 1857, to see if there was corruption in the process legislature’s approval of the bill granting the bank charter.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="gtxtbody" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >During his testimony, Bright was unapologetic for his actions. “I took myself—sixty thousand dollars. I meant to take stock enough to control the branch at <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>, if I could get it; and I know that other gentlemen intended to have the control of other branches; if they could obtain it.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >The committee tried to determine if any legislators had been illegally influenced in their passage of the bill that established the process. <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">David Branham</span>, who represented the area in the general assembly, testified that when he and <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">John R. Cravens</span> (one of Lanier’s sons-in-law), who had voted for the bank bill as a member of the state senate, met with the commissioners who were running the sale, they were informed that the subcommissioners at Madison “must be acceptable to <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">M. G. Bright</span>.</span>” Finally, it was agreed to choose three subcommissioners and then let Bright pick from those. But Bright chose none of those recommended. Branham said Bright offered him the chance to buy stock at the opening, but he did not accept the offer.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Perhaps the most stinging testimony given by Branham came in the following exchange. “<i>Question. </i>Were, or were not the persons appointed sub-commissioners for the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="gstxthlt">Madison</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="gstxthlt"> </span>branch, men of good character and standing at the time they were appointed. <i>Answer. </i>I decline answering.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Bright was coy in denying there was undue influence on legislators prior to the passage of the bill as shown in the following testimony.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >“Question. What do you know, if anything, about the friends of the bank being engaged in treating the members with oyster suppers, liquors, or otherwise, as a means of enlisting them in favor of the proposed bank charter?<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><span style="font-family:Arial;">Answer. </span></i></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >I saw gentlemen, who, I know, were friendly disposed to the establishment of a bank, frequently eating oysters, and drinking liquors with members of the legislature; nor did I notice anything unusual in their doing so; nor did I regard it as a means of bribing them to vote for the bank.”
<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >But he then said he knew nothing about any influence peddling.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Williamson Dunn,</span> another one of Lanier’s sons-in-law, said he showed up at the office in <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> between 15 and 30 minutes after nine and it was empty. About 11 a.m., he encountered Marsh and Merriweather in the streets, who informed him the stock had all been sold. Dunn said he did not want any, but had friends who did. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >The committee clearly was trying to determine the nature of the agreement between <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Michael Bright</span> and Lanier, who immediately acquired Bright’s <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> shares for $14,000, which was generally described as a premium. Bright also apparently agreed to indemnify Lanier if the bank charter were thrown out and the sale nullified. The committee was clearly curious about the background of the quick sale.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Cravens, who visited the <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span> office that day, said he probably would have purchased some stock, but when he demanded to see the books, he was informed they were sealed and on the way to Indianapolis.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">“There was dissatisfaction at </span><st1:city style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="gstxthlt">Madison</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;" class="gstxthlt">, </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">at the manner in which the books were opened and closed; though I cannot say that it was general,” he told the committee.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="gtxtbody"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >No one was able to point a finger directly Lanier and his company, Winslow & Lanier. But there was testimony the firm ended up with most of the stock of the <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Vincennes</st1:place></st1:city> branch. And this was the only Wall Street firm mentioned in testimony.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-37129893335580428362009-02-28T18:06:00.000-08:002009-02-28T18:49:44.717-08:00First Family Non History<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >With the Madison Bicentennial having some residents interested in documenting their descent from "First Families", it's always useful to to talk about what's history and what is serious error. And there's a lot of the latter, particularly in the information about Revolutionary War soldiers that was published in the 1930s.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">One of the most glaring examples was the DAR's decision to admit </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >Johnston/Johnson Brown</span> of Jefferson and Switzerland County, who, it was claimed died in 1869 at 109 and was supposedly squirrel shooting at age 100. Researchers Al and Margaret Spiry demolished this--suggesting the old man was simply a good story teller. Johnson's father signed to given him permission to marry in 1795 in Nelson County, Ky., meaning he wasn't 21 years old.<span style="font-family:arial;"> Do the math.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">There are some other great tales. The DAR has </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >Ralph Griffin </span><span style="font-family:arial;">as having died in July 1838 and buried at </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >Springdale Cemetery.</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> However, the Jefferson County Probate records show he died on Sept. 13, 1838 at the hosue of John Rogers (his grandson-in-law and executor) in Switzerland County. Since Rogers lived near Pleasant, and since Rogers and Ralph's wife Catherine and son David Griffin are buried at Brushy Fork Baptist Church, it's more likely his unmarked grave is there. By the way, the newspaper article about the burial said simply that a Mr. Griffin was buried in July 1838 (and Springdale was established in 1839.)</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Then there was </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >George Buchanan, </span><span style="font-family:arial;">whose family established Buchanan's Station, the blockhouse on the Jefferson County-Ripley County line, in 1813 according to the DAR, in 1812, according to a contemporary account.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >George lived 1721-1818 according to the DAR's records; lived to be more than 100, according a newspaper article of the reminiscences of his grandson George W. in 1910, or died in 1815, according to a stone that now stands in the Buchanan family cemetery opposite the replica of the blockhouse. (It was probably moved there about 1985 from the McLaughlin Cemetery)</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Many individuals have been admitted to the DAR and SAR based on the Pennsylvania Archives that show </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >George Buchanan</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> served from 1777 through 1781 in the </span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" >F</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" ><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">o</span>urth Pennsylvania Continental</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> line. The problem is, the record does not say which George Buchanan, and there are plenty to choose from in that place and time. </span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Now, U.S. records show that in 1786 Ezekiel and Elizabeth Buchanan, no relationship given, </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Courier; panose-1:2 7 4 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Courier; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:12;" >were paid for services of George Buchanan in the Fourth in Pennsylvania. They were paid with interest accruing from Jan. 1, 1781, which suggests the service ended on that date. The only conceivable reason someone other than the solider would be paid is that the solider, George Buchanan, had died by 1786.
<br />
<br />Then there is <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Gerardus Ryker,</span> who the DAR was </span><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="Preview" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_preview.wmf"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.msoIns {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:teal;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:12;" >Gerardus was an ensign in C<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">ol. Theunis Day</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Author">'</ins></span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">s Bergen Co. Regiment, New Jersey Militia</span> and was also an ensign in the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Battalion of Major Mauritious Goetschius, New Jersey State Troops, </span>serving extending from 1776 to 1781.
<br />Ryker, however, moved to modern West Virginia in 1778, then to Kentucky in 1779 and was killed by Indians in that state in 1781. Based on my suggestion this didn't make since, Lynn Rogers of Dayton, Ohio, pursued this conflict and believes the Gerardus in New Jersey was a relative of the same name.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:12;" >Our final </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" >problem is<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Samuel Welch</span>. The DAR put a stone at his family plot on Scott's Ridge, Shelby Township, commemorating his Revolutionary service in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Springer's Legion. </span>Unfortuantely, Springer's unit served in the Indian Wars after the Revolution was over. In fact, the DAR started rejecting applicants because Samuel's initial pension application was rejected because of this fact. However, when he resubmitted his claim, it was approved. Either Samuel served as a teenager, or he was a complete liar--take your pick</span>
<br />
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="Preview" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_preview.wmf"><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:12;" >Samuel's Revolutionary War pension application says that enlisted in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Cumberland</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County, Pa.,</st1:placetype></st1:place> in September 1776 at age fourteen for two months as a drummer in Capt. John Campbell's company for two months. Unfortunately, his tombstone inscription said he died </span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;" rel="Preview" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_preview.wmf"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><link style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:12;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">on Dec. 30, 1842 at the age of 75. His family Bible, published in 1811, also appears to say he was born in 1811. However, there is a tear and a smudge at the date (I own the Bible). Since this entry was clearly made decades after his birth, it suggests the date was entered incorrectly and someone tried to erase, tearing the paper. I buy the idea he was born in 1763 or so, regardless of what the Bible and tombstone say.</span>
<br />
<br />Then, there's the question of his wife's maiden name. The book, <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">"Welch and Allied Families," </span>which was printed in 1932, carried a transcribed letter from Knox Jamison, that had been written in 1924. Jamison wrote that he checked Samuel's Bible (the one I own and that was passed down along with his farm in my family), and gave Samuel's marriage to Jane Cunningham in 1797. The Welch Book author created a nice family tree for Jane that many descendants have elaborated on, listing her parents as a John Cunningam and Ann Sinclair, who lived in Massachusetts.
<br />
<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">There are two probems with this. The first is that some Cunningham researchers show this couple's daughter Jane, who married a Samuel Welch, died in Massachusetts. The second problem is that's not what the Bible says, and the author who transcribed Jamison's letter simply got it wrong.</span>
<br />
<br />The Bible shows her name as <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jane Cumming</span> (it actually looks more like Cunning, but I think that's an issue of handwriting.) There's another family Bible, one that Samuel reportedly carried with him as a soldier, that shows her name as Cummins or Cummings (the last letters are blurry.)
<br />
<br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;">And this are merely lines I have investigated well. Imagine the possibilities!</span>
<br />
<br />Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-36756510608590465282009-02-02T10:13:00.000-08:002009-02-04T21:36:29.132-08:00China, Indiana, as a Center of Missionary Activity<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >It never was a big place, even in the old days. And in the early 1830s, the newly named China, Ind., (calling it a town is a bit of a stretch), was the base of missionary activity for two Presbyterian ministers.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br />
<br /></span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >In the 1820s, there was a bit more to China, if defined as extending from where Dry Fork meets the West Fork of the <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Indian-Kentuck</span>, upstream to the site of the former <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">St. Anthony's Roman Catholic Church</span>.</span> There was a fulling mill that opened in 1817 (lifespan unknown), and the China Paper Mill that started by 1830 and which lasted until 1860. When <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Hill</span> sold his property at China to <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Siddell</span> in 1836, the deed listed </span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-alt:"‚l‚r –¾’©"; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@MS Mincho"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >a gristmill, sawmill, tanning shop, storehouse, dwelling house, barn, stables, and water rights as part of the sale.
<br />
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >And starting in 1831, there was a church, alternately called <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Center</span> </span>and<span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Central Presbyterian</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">. </span>Land for a church site, on the northeast side of the Dry Fork-Indian-Kentuck confluence was sold to church trustees in 1833. Since the congregation lasted until about 1850, there probably was a church building, although no direct references to a building have been found. This was probably what drew two ministers, the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Rev. John Parsons</span>, who spent more of his time with the shorter-lived Ryker's Ridge Presbyterian Church, and the<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Rev. Moses Wilde</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">r,</span> who preached at China at least one year.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br />
<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">Wilder, the corresponding secretary for the local chapter of the </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">American Tract Society</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">, reached Madison in 1831, and was at </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">China</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"> in 1833, where he became postmaster on Jan. 30 that year.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >A series of short letters by Wilder, published in the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">American Home Missionary </span>and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Pastor's Journal</span> in 1833, bear the China address. He both bemoaned the state of education and religion in Indiana while bragging about his own work. That year he toured much of Indiana and detailed what he saw as tremendous distances between existing churches.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;"> And while still living at China, he was serving as minister at the Bethlehem, Ind., Presbyterian Church. </span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">
<br />
<br />Parsons</span> despaired the general condition of the area and wrote in February 1833 to the magazine's editor<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Absolom Peters </span>that "</span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Aside from <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Br. Wilder</span> and myself, there is not<span style=""> </span>a literary man of<span style=""> </span>an sort in the bounds.<span style=""> </span>There is not a scholar or grammar or geography or teacher capable of instructing in them, to my knowledge</span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >"</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br /></span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br />But Wilder went on to other duties. </span><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-alt:"‚l‚r –¾’©"; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@MS Mincho"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" > He moved to Franklin County, Ind., by October 17, 1837, when he sold his land at China to <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Morgan</span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >. And in a few years, German Catholic families would arrive to give the area a much different flavor.</span> Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-38176457629623988252009-01-11T20:34:00.000-08:002011-08-06T21:45:37.969-07:00A History of Jefferson County's Townships.<span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">For most of its history, ten townships comprised Jefferson County. But during the first two decades of its existence, the county looked much different, not only because it covered more territory, but because townships were created and destroyed.</span>
<br />
<br />The original <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Madison Township</span> was part of <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Clark County</span>, from which Jefferson was created and when the Jefferson County Common Pleas Court, which handled virtually all county governmental functions, began its work on Feb. 11, 1811, it kept the name of Madison for one of the three townships it created.
<br />
<br />The other two were <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Washington Township</span> and <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Jefferson Township.</span> Jefferson, with some alterations in its boundaries, became part of Switzerland County when that entity was created in 1814. It initially extended west to the Indian (Greenville) Treat line that runs diagonally to the Northeast from roughly <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Lamb</span> on the <span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;">Ohio River. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<br /><span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Washington Township</span> was more extensive. Court records describe it as including all of the </span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">residents of the township below the west line of Madison Township., which was a line from the River starting at on the west line of Section 6 Twp. 3N Range 10E. That included all of modern </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Graham, Hanover, Lancaster, Saluda, Smyrna, and Republican Townships. It also included the western tiers of sections in what is now Monroe Township. (The sections bordering Lancaster); modern Smyrna Township, and the three sections of Madison Township that border the northern boundary of Hanover Township. (a panhandle.) </span><o:p style="font-family: arial;"></o:p></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Since <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Jefferson County</span> included all of the Grouseland purchase, it meant Washington also included <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Scott County</span> and parts of <span style="color: #660000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #990000;">Jennings</span> </span>and <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Jackson </span>Counties. </span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Sandwiched between Washington and Jefferson Township, <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Madison Township</span> extended east to the treaty line. Since it extended north to the Grouseland purchase boundary, it also encompassed most of <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Ripley</span> and <span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #990000;">Jennings</span> </span>counties. Within modern <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Jefferson County</span><span style="color: #990000;">,</span> it was comprised by <span style="font-family: arial;">modern Shelby and Milton Townships, and most of Madison and Monroe Townships</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">, and initially the part of modern Switzerland County between the Treaty line and the modern county border.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="color: #000099; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;">The creation of Jennings County in 1816, probably triggered the actions that the Jefferson County Court took next. It created Graham Township on Feb. 10, 1817, which encompassed the west part of the modern county, except for areas that became Lexington and Saluda Townships on February 13; Lancaster Township, laid off on March 5, also included modern Monroe Township.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: arial;">On March 12, the court created <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Pittsburgh Township</span>, which took in a</span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;"> roughly triangular piece of modern Milton Township that was bordered on the southwest by the <span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;">Indian-Kentuck</span>, starting about the site of <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Manville.</span> The southern part of Milton Township remained in Madison Township. <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Republican Township </span>was created the same day. Washington Township disappeared as a result of these actions. <o:p></o:p></span> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceName" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceType" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->
</style><st1:placename st="on" style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Milton</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;"> </span><st1:placename st="on" style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Township</st1:placename><span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">,</span> taken from <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> and <st1:placename st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Townships</st1:placetype> on May 12, 1818, included modern <st1:placename st="on">Shelby</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Township</st1:placename> running from an east-west line between sections 33 and 33 Twp. 4N Range 11E to the Switzerland County border, leaving a remnant of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:city></st1:place> that was wiped by 1822 by the creation of <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Shelby Township. </span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;">
<br />Another vanished township,<span style="color: #660000; font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: #006600;">Edinburgh</span>,</span> is a mystery. There is no reference to its creation or dissolution in county records.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;"> The first reference to Edinburgh came on May 6, 1817 when David Talbott was paid for services as an election inspector; Robert Mitchell as an election judge for both Edinburgh and Pittsburgh Townships, Peter Ryker as an election clerk, Samuel Caplinger as judge, John Littlejohn, James Wooley and James Christie as clerks. These men all lived in the <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Canaan </span>and <span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #990000;">Barbersville</span> </span>areas. It may have taken in northern Shelby Township, along with Ripley County. It's possible it was destroyed with the creation of Ripley County in 1819, but Jefferson County records simply stopped mentioning it.<o:p></o:p></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceName" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceType" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->
</style><span style="font-family: arial;">There was some tinkering. On June 10, 1811 Jefferson Township's boundary was pushed west to the line dividing Ranges 11 and 12, taking in parts of modern Shelby and Milton Townships. That didn't last as it was pushed back to the current <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Jefferson/Switzerland County</span> line, but another change did. The court moved Madison Township's boundary about one mile west. Instead of running along the section lines for the corner of the southeast corner of Section 31 Twp. 4N Range 10E, it then ran along the boundary between Ranges 9 and 10E.
<br />
<br />The only other boundary chanrges included one that took <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Paris</span> from Graham Township and made it part of Jennings County, legendarily because it was trouble and was closer to the sheriff at </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Vernon </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">than at <span style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold;">Madison</span>. And the border between Graham Township and Scott County was pushed slightly east. Both measures were approved by the Indiana General Assembly in January 18330. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceName" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceType" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->
</style><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></st1:city></st1:place><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The youngest townships were created over an 11 year period--<span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Hanover</span> in September 1836, <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Monroe</span> on March 11, 1842 and <span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;">Smyrna</span> on June 16, 1847.</span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-88252937342431453532008-12-25T12:55:00.000-08:002009-01-30T08:29:42.128-08:00Jefferson County’s Mormon Pioneers<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="Preview" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_preview.wmf"><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: arial;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" name="Normal (Web)"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;">No congregation of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints was successfully established in Jefferson County until the 1960s. But it wasn’t for lack of trying.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal;font-family:arial;"><o:p> </o:p>
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal;">
<br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;font-family:arial;">It might be better to say no long-lasting congregation was established because there were efforts from very early in the history of the Mormon Church and these continued throughout<span style=""> </span>the 1800s.The earliest record the church reports is the trip by two ministers, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Reynolds Cahoon</span> and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Samuel Smith</span>, brother of <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Joseph Smith</span>, who set out for <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Missouri</span> <span style=""> </span>in June 1831. Along the way, they stopped in Kentucky and preached in<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Madison, Vienna</span> and <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Unionville</span>, although no details were given about these appearances.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;font-family:arial;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal;">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;">Next, in the winter of 1832/33, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Simeon Carter</span> organized an L.D.S. branch in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Hanover</span>, which had 27 members<span style="">, according to the April 1833 edition of the <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Evening and Morning Star</span>, a Mormon publication. But no further record of that effort has been found. After that, there is a gap of 20 years of reported church activity in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jefferson County</span>.<span style=""> </span>At a conference in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Nauvoo, Ill.</span>, held on April 6, 1843, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Joshua Holman </span>and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">John Pierce </span>were appointed as missionaries of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span>. <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Holman</span> died in 1849, having returned to <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Nauvoo</span>, and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Pierce </span>was not listed in the 18500 <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jefferson County</span> census.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;">
<br /><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;font-family:arial;"><span style=""> What happened next is unclear with only hints given about Mormon activity from records of the <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints</span>. (They did not call themselves Mormon and the denomination changed its name to Community of Christ in 2000.) At some point a Swiss immigrant<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">, Louis Van Buren </span>of<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville</span> had become an L.D.S. member. This is known because by 1861, he had joined the reorganized church whose <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Saints Herald</span> said Van Buren had visited the denomination’s headquarters in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lamoni, Iowa</span>. It reported that “<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Elder Louis Van Buren</span>, of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville, Jefferson county, Ind.</span>, tarried in this city several days. He is a believer in the New Organization, and I am informed that he was an elder in the Old Organization. He is on his way to <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Switzerland</st1:country-region></st1:place>, his native land, and expects to return next summer.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;"><span style="">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;"><span style="">The presence of Mormons probably drew the Reorganized Church into Jefferson County for organizing efforts that began in the 1870s with much greater success than the Mormons had achieved.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">An 1878 letter by the Rev. James Scott, who spearheaded this activity along with his brother the Rev. John Scott, mentioned that, “There are a great many more of the old saints throughout the county,” but gave no other details. Few of these are known, including, the Rev. William Marshall is known, as a Madison newspaper account said he had been a Mormon, and had been excommunicated by the R.L.D.S. because he believe in polygamy. (In the twentieth century, he was a Baptist and preached at the Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church in Shelby Township.)</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style="">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style="">The <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Scotts</span> began their evangelizing by Dec. 7, 1872 when <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James</span> wrote he had procured a house of preaching. This was probably at <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Wirt</span> where on June 27, 1873, following 20 days of meetings held by the Scotts, four Madisonians <span style=""> </span>joined the <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Union Branch</span> which met at the <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Union School House</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>two and a half miles from <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Wirt</span>. These included <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">“Brother Woodburn </span>and his wife” who were described as members of the old church. On July 2, 1873, the <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Daily Courier</span> reported<span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;"> Union Branch</span> had 26 members. <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Scott’</span>s 1878 account said the branch began with 10 members under elder <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Samuel Rector</span> and minister (called a priest) <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">William Blair.</span> <span style=""> </span>By March, 10, 1876, Union had 33 members. By 1883, it was reportedly considering purchase of the Christian Church building in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Lancaster</span>. Whatever it did, Union Branch moved into its old building by Nov. 9, 1884, when the <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 51, 102);">Saints Herald</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102);"> </span>reported its church building had been dedicated. <span style=""> </span>This was probably the one building reported for the denomination in Jefferson County by the 1890 census.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;">
<br /><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style="">There were also attempts to found a congregation in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span>. The May 15, 1873 <i>Saints Herald</i>, noted that Elders were wanted at <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">.</span> On July 25,<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Elder Scott</span> and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Elder B.V. Springer </span>conducted a service at the hall of the Washington Fire Co. in <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> that drew 50 people. But no congregation formed. <span style=""> </span>Meanwhile, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Springer </span>had luck elsewhere. The <i style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">Madison Courier</i> of Feb. 4, 1874 mentioned that <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Elder Springer</span> of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Kansas</span> had become the settled pastor of the Mormons of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Smyrna Township</span>. The congregation gave him ten acres of land and was building a house for him. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">While no other records of the Smyrna congregation have been found, more is known about the Mt. Pleasant Branch, which met on the Milton Township of Hall’s Ridge. It was organized on Oct. 13, 1879 with 22 members and conferences of the Reorganized church’s Southern Indiana District were held on Nov. 20, 1879 and March 5, 1881. Since the R.L.D.S. had only one structure in the county in 1890, Mt. Pleasant probably did not have its own building until after the congregation purchased land in 1894. But the church did not last long and in 1904, the property was soon and the new own demolished the building.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;">
<br /><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style="">By 1900, the L.D.S. itself was ready for one for effort in <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Jefferson County</span>. </span><span style=""> </span>Madison’s 1900 census showed <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Hugh Harvey, Jessie Pay, Isaac Zundel</span>, and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Erick Larsen</span> boarding at 204 East Street. All four, born in <st1:state style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Utah</st1:place></st1:state><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">,</span> had the same occupation “preaching.” They probably returned to their homes after their missionary service and there was no Mormon congregation in <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> until 1967. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;font-family:arial;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-61316415334715765502008-11-25T19:03:00.000-08:002008-11-29T20:25:00.265-08:00 The Myth of Madison’s Pork Supremacy<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CBob%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison, a small city on the Ohio River was once the pork packing capital of the world, eclipsing its larger upstream neighbor Cincinnati. In 1850, a Madison newspaper bragged that the city had five times as many hogs as Cincinnati.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >Unfortunately, the story wasn't true. <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span> was a leading city for slaughtering hogs and packing porjs. But it never came close to matching the volume of business done in the Queen City. It did close the gap in 1852, Madison’s greatest year and the last year of growth in its pork market. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >In 1837, the first year that statistics are available for <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span>, it handled 13,000 hogs while <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Milton, Ky</span>., processed 5,000, according to the Western Address Directory.<span style=""> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Cincinnati</span> packed 103,000 that year. <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Madison</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> </span>only topped 100,000 once and that was in that final year of glory. Madison’s three best years were 1850, 1851 and 1852 and the number of hogs was reported at 93,949, 94,984, and 130,730, and had the town been able to maintain its dominance in Indiana railroads, it probably would have kept growing.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">But even then, from 1833 through 1851, Cincinnati had only two years in which its volume dropped below 100,000 hogs. There were 85,000 in 1833 and 95,000 in 1840. In the 1840s, there were five years in which the totals were 213,000 or higher. In 1848, 1849 and 1850, Cincinnati houses packed 498,160, 310,000 and 401,755 hogs respectively. There was a reason Cincinnati, not Madison, was nicknamed “Porkopolis” during that era.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >The <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Cincinnati </span>numbers were from the book The Industry Resources of the Southern and Western States, published in 1852 by <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">J.B.D. DeBow</span>, a <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Louisiana</span> professor who was known for his magazine<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> DeBow’s Review</span>, which covered a wide range of economic issues in these regions. While statistics vary in other sources, none of them put <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span> in the lead in any year.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >The reasons for Cincinnati’s dominance are likely very simple: it was founded earlier and it was bigger so it had the time to develop the resources that <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison</span> was just beginning to attract. Also, while the area to the north of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Madiso</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">n</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>was just starting to develop in the 1830s, <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Cincinnati</span> was able to draw on a more mature farm economy from most directions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Cincinnati</span> packing houses could also offer more money to farmers. The 1850 annual report of the <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison and Indianapolis Railroad</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"> </span>noted that in good weather, some farmers drove their hogs to Cincinnati, rather than shipping them to <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Madison,</span> probably reflecting a combination of higher prices paid there and the high rates the Madison railroad charged. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" >When the railroads linked, <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Cincinnat</span>i picked up more business. And as is accurately told, Madison’s booms days were over. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-58538052370458545522008-10-28T12:13:00.000-07:002008-11-12T08:58:13.042-08:00A Band of Gypsies<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">They didn’t have much, if any impact on </span><st1:place style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">, and they may have left no descendants in the area. But a band of gypsies that settled in </span><st1:state style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Hanover</st1:state><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> by 1860 got more than their share of stories published about their brief sojourn in </span><st1:place style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The group showed up in the town of <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Hanover</st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>when 81 persons identified in the 1870 census were shown as gypsies. They carried the surnames: <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Green, Youngs, Woods, Reynolds, Knobbs, Smythes</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> and </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Bofo</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> and included some distinct first names, such as Whyte Youngs and Pablo
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Youngs.</span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Thirty-seven bore the Young/Youngs surname and 12 were Greens. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The 1860 <st1:placename style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span><st1:placetype style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">County</st1:placetype><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>census doesn’t shown the surname <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Stanley</span>, even though several sources show that <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Owen Stanley</span>, reportedly the Gypsy King (there were probably many of them) and died in his wagon near <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> on Feb. 21, 1860 in his sixty-seventh year. There were supposed to be 200 in this group so the rest must have left by 1870. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Stanley </span>was born in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Reading, Berkshire, England,</span> and his body was taken back to the Woodland Cemetery near <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Dayton</span>, to be buried next to his wife, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Harriet Warden</span>, who died on Aug. 30, 1857, age 63. That's according to the History of Dayton and <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Montgomery County</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Ohio</st1:state></st1:place>, published in 1909, whose author found their tombstones. This book claims <st1:city st="on">Woodland</st1:city> was the first gypsy cemetery in the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>, but that’s one of those claims that should be immediately questioned. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:12;" ><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />T</span><span style="font-size:100%;">he group appeared to have arrived at<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span><st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Dayton</st1:city> in 1856 from <st1:country-region style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Canada</st1:country-region> (where they can't have stayed long), moved on to <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state> quickly, and most moved on quickly again. The best evidence of their emigration date comes from a transcribed tombstone in the cemetery that showed: “ daughter of <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Mary,Dangefo </span>and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Dovie Stanley;</span> born in <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">England, </span>died December 11th, 1857, aged two years and fourteen days," …
<br />
<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">The publications talking about them were kind, compared to some of the comments made about gypsies. Part of this seems to have been racial--the Stanleys were far more European looking than some of their darker brethren.</span>
<br /></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">
<br />Owen Stanley</span> was succeeded as king by his son <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Levi Stanley</span>, whose wife <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Matilda</span> became queen. There is no indication they came to Indiana with the rest of the tribe and were shown in Troy, Miami County, Ohio, in 1860. There were 25 people shown as wanderers in Troy. The 1880 census shows none of these families remaining In Indiana--they apparently came together and left together.
<br /></span></span>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-36094165737295120282008-10-18T16:11:00.000-07:002008-11-12T09:01:54.266-08:00Madison’s Curious Status<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CROBERT%7E1.SCO%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >An earlier column on this blog looked at the odd way in which the founding of Madison has been given as 1809 and which has led to the city’s 200<sup>th</sup> anniversary being set for 2009—even though the only thing that happened in 1809 was John Paul’s purchase of the land on which lots were later created</span></b><b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" >.</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /><b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" ><u1:p></u1:p></span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >As pointed out, the first settler within the land that became Old Town Madison, <b><span style="color:maroon;">John Henry Wagner</span></b>, arrived in 1808 and no lots were sold until 1811. But beyond that is the question of the status of <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>as an officially authorized government entity, after its platting by <b><span style="color:maroon;">Paul.<u1:p></u1:p></span></b></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Initially, <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>was simply a populated area governed by the <b><span style="color:green;">Court of Common Pleas</span>,</b> which handled all areas of government for <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></st1:placename></st1:place> after it began operating on Jan. 11, 1811.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The first act specifically naming <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> was the creation of road districts—for defining the area in which residents could be required to work on public roads. This occurred on June 18, 1811, although for some reason the court then authorized <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place> to be formed into a road district on Feb. 19, 1812, perhaps reducing the number of districts to one—the minutes do not spell out the difference.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></st1:city></st1:place></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;">
<br /></span></st1:place></st1:city></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Madison</span></st1:place></st1:city></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > was the also site of a justice of the peace court with the appointment of <b><span style="color:maroon;">William Vawter</span></b> on May 15, 1808. Justices were appointed by the governor until <st1:state st="on"><st1:state st="on">Indiana</st1:state></st1:state> became a state in 1816, and there is no indicated that these justice’s territory was limited to <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city>. (Even though <b><span style="color:maroon;">John Vawter</span></b> stated he was the first justice, territorial records clearly show William’s appointment and that John was named to the position “vis”—in place of—William, who had resigned on July 16.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:100%;"><u1:p></u1:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on">
<br /></st1:city></st1:city></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" >Madison</span></b></st1:city></st1:city><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" > definitely got its own justices on March 5, 1817, as the commissioners authorized an election to be held on the first Monday in April for the election of two justices “for the Town of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> who are to reside there …” </span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:100%;"><u1:p></u1:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The usual report is that <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place> was not incorporated as a town until April 1, 1824. However, the minutes of the county court showed the election of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b><span style="color:maroon;">Dawson</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="color:maroon;"> Blackmore, Nathaniel Hunt, Abraham Clarkson, James Ross and Martin Rowzer</span></b> as trustees on Sept. 8, 1817. The language of the minutes is clear in referring to these men as trustees for the “corporation of the <b><span style="color:green;">town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place></span></b>” and this seemed to end the court’s direct governance.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Besides the 1824 action, there were more involving <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place>’s status as a town. It was incorporated again on Jan. 2, 1829. Then followed a series of laws, including one of Jan. 25, 1850 in which the state legislature extended the town’s southern boundary from <b><span style="color:green;">High Street</span></b> to the <st1:place st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b><span style="color:green;">Ohio River</span></b></st1:place></st1:place></span><span style="font-size:100%;">. However, the lawmakers felt that a series of amendments to the charter had made the situation confusing, and reincorporated the town on Feb. 4, 1831<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >As a town, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b><span style="color:green;">Madison</span></b></st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></span><span style="font-size:100%;"> had no mayor. The trustees choose one of their own members as president who presided over meetings and signed official documents. In 1824, and perhaps earlier, the board had been expanded to seven from the five-member board of 1817.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:green;" >
<br /></span></b></st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:green;" >Madison</span></b></st1:place></st1:city></st1:city></st1:place></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > achieved its final government form in 1838 when it was incorporated as a city.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >
<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<br /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:100%;"><u1:p></u1:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><u1:p> </u1:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-41301853865751008992008-09-02T08:42:00.000-07:002008-12-25T22:12:48.859-08:00The Council Bluffs Land: Politicians for Hire?<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Did three leading </span></b><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><st1:state style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state></span></st1:place></st1:state><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" > politicians sell their votes in the 1850s?</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><u1:p></u1:p> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >On the surface, the charge, made in the <st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on">Council Bluffs</st1:city></st1:city> (<st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Iowa</st1:place></st1:state></st1:place></st1:state>) Bugle of April 14, 1858, looked ridiculous. The newspaper claimed that </span><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:Arial;" >Senator Jesse D. Bright</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">,</span> a Madisonian, and </span><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Congressmen William H. English</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" > and </span><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >James B. Foley</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >, all Democrats, had accepted land as payoffs for the votes for admitting <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Kansas</st1:place></st1:state> as a state under the Lecompton Constitution, which permitted slavery.</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >The <span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); font-weight: bold;">House of Representatives</span> appointed a committee to investigate the charges on April 27, 1858, but the motion was immediately tabled and there is no record of further discussion.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><br /><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Bugle article, which was read into the <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">Journal of the House of Representatives</span>, alleged that that the Commissioner of the General Land Office ordered 2,480 acres to be entered in <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Bright’s</span> </span></b>name, 2,280 in<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"> </span><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">English’s</span></b> and 1,440 acres in <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Foley's.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >The men's defenders noted that the charge made no sense since<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> Bright </span>voted for the Lecompton bill and <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Foley</span> and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">English</span> against it. The Lecompton Constitution had the support of President <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">James Buchanan</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"> </span>and the question of whether to recognize <st1:state st="on"><st1:state st="on">Kansas</st1:state></st1:state> as a slave or <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">free state</st1:place></st1:state></st1:place></st1:state> was a major issue leading to the success of the Republican Party. And it’s hard to see why Bright, a slave owner who supported the Fugitive Slave Act, needed an incentive.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><br /><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" >Foley represented a district including </span></b><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Decatur</st1:placename></st1:place></span></st1:placename></st1:place><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:arial;" > </span><st1:placetype style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial;" st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:placetype><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" > from 1857 through 1859. English, a </span></b><st1:placename st="on"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><st1:placename style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Scott</st1:placename></span></st1:placename><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" > </span></b><st1:placename st="on"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><st1:placename style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on">County</st1:placename></span></st1:placename><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" > resident, represented </span></b><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:state st="on">Indiana</st1:state></st1:place></span></st1:place></st1:state><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:Arial;" >’s second district from 1853 through 1861. However, English actually authored a compromise and was considered a Buchanan man.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >But the three men did secure thousands of acres in <st1:state st="on"><st1:state st="on">Iowa</st1:state></st1:state> in patents dated May 1, 1860 and entered at the <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);" st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:place style="font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">Council Bluffs</st1:city></st1:place></st1:place></st1:city> land office. So did Buchanan, who as president signed the patents, attempt to sway Bright, Foley and English regarding some issue?</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >Because Bright did in fact patent 2,480 acres at the <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);" st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city style="font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Council Bluffs</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></span><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" > </span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >land office and English </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" > had 15 patents dated May 1, each 120 acres for a total of 2,240—the 2,280 mentioned in the congressional record was likely a transcription or typographical error. And Foley’s nine May 1 patents of 160 acres each add up to 1,440 acres.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><br /><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >All of these patents came via land warrants that were originally awarded to soldiers who had served in the </span><b style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >War of 1812</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" > or the </span><b style="color: rgb(153, 51, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Mexican War</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 0);">,</span> and had been signed over to the politicians. Other politicians had followed this practice. For example, </span><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" ><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Senator William Hendricks</span></span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >, another Madisonian, patented 1,480 acres that had been awarded to soldiers.</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Since amounts of land patented by the three men match those reported in the </span><st1:state style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Iowa</st1:place></st1:state></st1:place></st1:state> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">newspaper, something was up. But what? Did Bright get land for trying to persuade English, who had worked in Bright's law firm, and Foley</span>? Certainly, </span><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Madison Courier Editor Michael Garber</span></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;" >,</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;color:black;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> Bright’s nemesis, considered the senator to be corrupt and accused him of padding his Senate expenses. And while Garber was shrill, he was often perceptive. But Garber apparently did not know about this issue.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;color:black;" > </span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="">The question remains of just how these men obtained the land.</p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-82969646730454646972008-08-15T18:56:00.001-07:002008-08-15T19:09:49.895-07:00Hoyt vs. the Madison & Indianapolis Railroad<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="text-indent: 0in; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: arial;">The cog system that enabled railroad cars to climb the long inclined plane of the Madison & Indianapolis Railroad was a very good idea.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="text-indent: 0in;font-family:arial;">It was so good that a <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Dupont </span>resident, <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">William Hoyt</span>, and the railroad company fought for years over who invented the system and had the rights to its patent.<span style=""> </span>Hoyt received the first patent in 1849. But the patent office overturned the grant and awarded it to <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Andrew Cathcart,</span> a Scottish machinist who was still working for the M&I.<br /><span style=""></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" face="arial" style="text-indent: 0in;">While most histories credit Cathcart with the invention, Hoyt claimed he invented it in 1840 and that Cathcart stole the design after seeing it 1844.</p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;" class="MsoBodyTextIndent3">The battle really pitted Hoyt against John Brough, the hardworking and arrogant president of the M&I whose name lives on in Brough’s Folly, the uncompleted tunnel in what is now <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Clifty</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Falls</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on">State Park</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="font-family:arial;">Hoyt pictured his opposition as using unfair tactics. When witnesses gave depositions, all those testifying for Cathcart were railroad employees who gave their statement in the company offices in front of Brough, along with lawyers <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Michael Bright</span> and <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Joseph G. Marshall</span>, who were railroad directors. Hoyt tried to get the lawyers to testify, claiming they were acting for Cathcart. But Bright and Marshall said they represented the company. Hoyt also alleged that all witnesses met beforehand in private in William Jackson, the railroad’s secretary, or with “the Old Fox himself” [Brough] in the company anterooms.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="font-family: arial;">The most serious charge was that in January 1850, Brough advertised in an <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">Indianapolis</st1:city></st1:place> newspaper that he was “of counsel” to Cathcart.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="font-family:arial;"><span style=""> </span>All of these charges were spelled out in a pamphlet called “Vindication” that Hoyt published in 1850 in support of his version of events.</p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoBodyTextIndent3">Money was at stake. Hoyt alleged that the railroad company agreed to pay $1,000 a year, plus a $6,000 payment in 1853, if the experiment were success if Cathcart received the patent, which would then be transferred to the company. The company feared if Hoyt won, he would seek damages, the inventor said</p> <p style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" class="MsoBodyTextIndent3">Whoever was right, the Scientific American of June 12, 1858, reported the railroad “compromised the dispute by paying him [Hoyt} a handsome sum.” Handsome or not, other sources reported the amount as $1,000, not bad for the era.</p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-64917507599359315322008-07-02T08:58:00.000-07:002008-12-25T22:07:50.130-08:00Don't Drink the Water<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">The biggest health hazard in </span><st1:place style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Ind.</st1:state></st1:place><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">, in the late 1800s and early 1900s was probably not a particular disease. It was the town’s water supply.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Many towns on the <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Ohio River</st1:place> faced the issue of a water supply that was increasingly polluted. Nor did towns need to be on the river to have problems. The state board of health tested three private supplies in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Kent</st1:place></st1:country-region> in 1899. None of the water was considered suitable for drinking.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">But <st1:city style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> had special problems that stemmed from the attempt to come up with cleaner water.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">A 1901 report by the state board of health noted the town’s sewers, which served a small part of the city, as follows: “All the sewage goes direct to the river, there being eleven outlets along the river front. From one to seven feet of clay cover the gravel strata and many cesspools drain into it.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The problem was the sewage wasn’t treated, and obviously that applied to the cesspools as well. The same reported said that, “Night soil is collected by licensed men and is dumped into the river opposite the town.”</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Despite the city’s efforts, the situation actually got worse In1908, six wells were sunk in the bed of the <st1:place style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Ohio River</st1:place><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>and the water was taken from these wells which were six feet below the river bed, under a layer of sand and gravel. The theory was the water would be filtered by the beds of sediment.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">However, the system didn’t work. When the river was low, water had to be pumped directly from the river into the water mains. And at some point, water from the river broke through the sand bed and fed directly into the wells. The result is easy to imagine.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">A report by the state board of health for 1909 noted, “There are times when this water is of good quality, but at other times it is entirely unsatisfactory. Twenty-one private supplies have been examined, five of which were of good quality, one was doubtful and fifteen were bad.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">A 1911 report repeated the finding:: “<span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">The tap water of the </span><st1:city style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"> city supply is wholly unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes in its present condition.” </span>In 1914, tests found the water “seriously polluted and unfit for drinking purposes.” It noted <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city> had a “splendid supply” of water available through driven wells which could be place in the river bottom or on its banks. And the latter course would be the eventual solution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-29538706541702412542008-06-24T07:11:00.001-07:002008-09-15T09:51:58.290-07:00Almost High Noon at Madison<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >It is more an accident than anything else that <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> did not go down in history for the second most high-profile duel in American history. The first, of course, was the duel in which vice president Aaron Burr killed former secretary of treasury Alexander Hamilton.</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The planned faceoff between then-<b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Senator Jesse Bright</span></b> and prominent <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> lawyer <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Joseph G. Marshall </span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);">would have been almost as noteworthy and the antagonists tried hard to make sure it</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> </span>happened. It was only through the intervention of their friends, which included some of the nation's most prominent men, that it was averted at the last minute.<br /><br />Bright and Marshall had clashed repeatedly. Bright owned slaves while <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city>, who inherited slaves and set them free, was a champion of abolition. Marshall, a Whig and later a Republican, would have become <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:country-region> senator from <st1:state st="on"><st1:state st="on">Indiana</st1:state></st1:state>, except that Bright, a Democrat, outmaneuvered the Republicans in the <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state></st1:place></st1:state> legislature.<br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);"><br />They had one thing in common besides ambitions--both were hotheads. Once, at a trial in <st1:city style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on">Charlestown</st1:city></st1:city></st1:city><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span>when a </span><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Judge Otto</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);"> called him a liar, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> “knocked him down. Judge Otto arose, and, coming at Mr. Marshall" in a belligerent manner, was knocked down again." <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> later apologized. And in another episode, he got angry and broke down a door.<br /><br /></span><b style=""><span style="color:blue;">On the other side, Bright reportedly knocked down the doorkeeper of the House of Representatives for what was termed "an inconsiderable offense." Bright also used invective freely. On April 27, 1857, he wrote to <span style="">R.M. T. Hunter</span>, chairman of a House committee, demanding the Hunter fire the committee's clerk named <span style="">Henrick</span>, for a letter the latter had published in the <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state> Herald. "He is a liar, slanderer, and within a few days past, has proven himself a coward" and a few words later dismissed him as a "lying slandering coward" Bright said. The charge of cowardice suggests Bright had challenged Henrick, who had declined, although it may have been Bright was simply liberal with his epithets.</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The personal animosity led <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> to plan killing Bright. In what sounded like a Wild West showdown in the streets, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> once purchased a bowie knife, which he put in his pocket. He walked Madison’s </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Second Street</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > between the post office and </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >West Street</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > from 10 a.m. until 10:30 a.m., knowing that Bright customarily picked up his mail at 10 a.m. Bright, however, changed his routine that day. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Marshall</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> was quoted as saying: “Had he come I should have attacked him and killed him, if I could. I knew he was always armed, so I would not be taking him at a disadvantage.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The dispute spiraled into a duel challenge. The two agreed to meet on an island in the Ohio River, placing it in </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><st1:state st="on"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" ><st1:state st="on">Kentucky</st1:state></span></b></st1:state></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >, probably because the <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state></st1:place></st1:state> constitution prohibited dueling. Their entourage included leading <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> merchants and prominent public officials and future leaders. One of them, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>’s </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >William McKee Dunn</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >, a Congressman and later Judge Advocate General, provided many of the details. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The weapons of choice were rifles at 50 paces. Bright and his group stayed at the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Gault House</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > while Marshall and his contingent at the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Louisville Hotel. </span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><u2:p></u2:p>Marshall was so determined to shoot it out with Bright that when police came to arrest him, Marshall said his brother, the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Rev. Samuel Marshall</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >, who came to stop the duel, was Joseph Marshall and the police led the minister away. The attorney was later corralled and their friends negotiated a settlement.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Bright never got that close to a shoot-out again. But Jesse wasn't through. He got into a fight in a courtroom in 1853 and was fined along with others; an incident reported by author </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Francis Lieber</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > an article entitled “The Character of a Gentleman.” And on Sept. 16, 1853, Bright wrote to his friend and financial backer </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >W.W. Corcoran</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >, apparently preparing for trouble.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >"I am unwilling to trouble you about my domestic affairs," Bright wrote "for I have already been the reception of favors of your hands that must necessarily go unrequited through life; yet I will venture to enquire whether you know of a Duelling [pistol] that I can get and suitable for a humble disciple of the immortal </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >'Franklin Pierce.'</span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > I hope you may have one to suit me, but if not, pardon me for asking you to engage one for me. </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:blue;" >I must have one now."</span></b></span>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-42926514883844862932008-06-19T18:44:00.000-07:002008-06-23T09:10:27.161-07:00A Phone Company on Every Corner<span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" >For many people, the breakup of the American Telegraph and Telephone Co. left a confusing array of telephone companies, even if Jefferson County hadn’t been served by the old Bell System</span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" >.<o:p></o:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">But anyone who found the state of telephony competition confusing in the after 1984, would have been baffled by the state of the art in the late 1800s and early 1900s.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">It was simpler at the beginning when the first telephone was reportedly installed between the starch works and the railroad depot in 1879. It’ likely that private systems were the only ones operating until a public exchange was opened in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Madison</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">. </span></b>The <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Madison Courier</span></b> of Feb. 29, 188 listed subscribers to a proposed system, including City Hall, including<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> City Hall, four fire departments, the </span></span>city <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;">water works,</span></span> and <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;">at least three residences.</span></span> The exchange, erected by the <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Laporte and Madison Telephone Co.</span></b>, was scheduled to go into operation on May<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:navy;" >In February 1882, the Courier reported work had begun to link <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> with exchanges in <st1:city st="on">Carrollton</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Milton</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Warsaw</st1:city> and <st1:city st="on">Ghent</st1:city> with <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Hanover</st1:place></st1:state> connected sometime later that year. Service also reached Brooksburg and Vevay for the Daily Courier of Sept.13, 1883 noted that, </span></b><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:red;" >“The Brooksburg Band has celebrated Vevay by telephone.” <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">By the time the 1887/88 <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> city directory was published, the <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Central Union Telephone Co</span></b>., apparently part of the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Bell</st1:place></st1:city> system, had the area’s business. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">But things got interesting. The <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Daily Courier</span></b> of Nov. 27, 1894 reported local businessmen formed the <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Madison Telephone Co.</span></b> because of Central’s rates and at this point, the Central company had 150 subscribers while <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:place> had 165.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">While the <st1:city st="on">Bell</st1:city> companies quashed most competition, things were different in <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> and the <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Courier </span></b>of Jan. 17, 1896 reported the city had ordered “<span style="color:red;">that the Bell Telephone Company be directed to remove all phones from the <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on">Building</st1:placetype>, Light Station, the four engine houses, and <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Springdale</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:place></span>.” For several years the companies operated side by side. The <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Vail Funeral Home</span></b>, for exampled, advertised its number as 88 for both <st1:city st="on">the Madison</st1:city> and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Bell</st1:place></st1:city> systems.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Meanwhile, service moved into the country with a company owned by the <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Green Brothers</span></b> installing the first telephone in <st1:place st="on">Canaan</st1:place> in <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Lochard</span></b> and <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Means’s </span></b>store on Nov. 1, 1899.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:navy;" >In the fall of 1903, the <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> company extended a line from <st1:country-region st="on">China</st1:country-region> to Canaan and other rural changes, probably initiated by the same organization, operated in <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">Hanover</st1:state></st1:place> and Rykers’ Ridge.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The number of independent companies quickly reached the hundreds for <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state> and thousands across the nation.<span style=""> </span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The </span></span><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Independent Telephone Company of Lancaster and Monroe</span></b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> incorporated on May 23, 1905. In 1907, the </span></span><b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Green Brothers</span></b></span><b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);"> </span></b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;">sold their operation to Canaan residents, who </span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">extended the lines<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> in Feb</span></span>ruary.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> 1908. The </span></span><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Farmers Mutual Telephone Central of Belleview</span></b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> incorporated on March 30, 1912; </span></span>and <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the </span></span><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Canaan Mutual Telephone Company</span></b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> on Aug</span></span>.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> 25, 1915</span></span> (Apparently replacing the Farmers company.)<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-family:Arial;" >.</span></sup></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">At one point, there were two systems operating in <st1:place st="on">Canaan</st1:place>, a town whose <st1:street st="on"><st1:address st="on">Main Street</st1:address></st1:street> is less than a mile long. The <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:place> company, which eventually discontinued service, was situated in the <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Banta</span></b> home and the Farmer’s system in its own headquarters. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">This wasn’t area with double service. The <st1:place st="on"><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">San Jacinto</span></b></st1:place><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;"> and Dupont Telephone</span></b> <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Co.</span></b> incorporated on Feb. 7, 1907 while the <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">New Marion and Dupont Telephone Co.</span></b> organized on May 2, 1908. Just outside of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>, the <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Jefferson Telephone Co. </span></b>operated from at least 1907 until its merger with Madison <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Telephone </span></b>in 1912 because the two were so interconnected.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">State reports in 1914 showed seven systems operating in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>. <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Madison Telephone</span></b> had 688 miles of wire while <st1:place st="on"><b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Central Union</span></b></st1:place> had 66.43; <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Lancaster & Monroe</span></b> 21, and <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Farmers Mutual</span></b>, 2. <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Ohio River Telephone</span></b>, with only 2 miles in the county, had 523 in neighboring <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Switzerland</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>. On the other side, <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Scott County Telephone</span></b> had 4.5 miles of line in Jefferson and 242 in Scott while the <st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city> company owned 12 miles in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Clark</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:navy;" >Other lines edged into the county. The <st1:city st="on">Paris</st1:city> Crossing company had 8 miles and the </span></b><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" >New Washington Co.,</span></b><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:navy;" > 15 in <st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype> while the Ohio River and <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Scott</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">County</st1:placename></st1:place> businesses were no longer listed. There were probably others 1930 records showed the </span></b><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:maroon;" >Moorefield Farmers Mutual Telephone Co.</span></b><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:navy;" > was headquartered in Brooksburg.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">But by this time, small companies were disappearing. The June 28, 1919 <b style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Courier </span></b>reported the Ryker’s Ridge exchange had just closed. The <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:place> company operated until Sept. 12, 1923 when it was purchased by <b style=""><span style="color:maroon;">Southern Indiana Telephone and Telegraph Co.</span></b> The latter, a <st1:city st="on">Bell</st1:city> operation, petitioned to close the <st1:country-region st="on">China</st1:country-region> and <st1:place st="on">Volga</st1:place> exchanges on July 18, 1928.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-26707691444671208212008-06-13T10:58:00.000-07:002008-06-13T11:14:39.561-07:00Mixed Bloods and Half Breeds<span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">How “Indian” were </span><st1:place style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Southeastern Indiana</st1:place><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">’s Indians? Or, on the other side, how often did settler inter-marry with the native inhabitants?</span><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">It’s a story that’s difficult to document. But the indications are that the native Americans encountered by settlers were a mixture of tribes, escaped slaves along with a mixture of European blood from white captives and willing marriages.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Some captives, like<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Heathcoat Pickett</span> </span>and <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">George Ash</span>, lived among the Indians for years. Little has been written about Pickett, before he settled in what became <st1:place style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Switzerland</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"> </span>as early as 1790s.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Whether he intermarried with his captors or not, Pickett lived long enough with the tribes to have his ears multilated for adornment . The same is true of the better-known Ash who had the septum of his nose perforated while his left ear was also perforated for the placement of jewlry. Ash also had an Indian wife known as she bear. What is not known is whether the couple had children before Ash returned to white settlements and remarried.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">A strong hint of interbreeding was given by <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">James Jackson,</span> who settled in the Kent area <st1:placename style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"> </span><st1:placetype style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on">County</st1:placetype><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">,</span> in 1814<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"></st1:place></st1:country-region>. In an account published in the Madison Courier in 1874, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Jackson</st1:place></st1:city> gave a description of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">White Eyes,</span> the best-known area Indian, along with <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Johnnie Wea</span>, who was traveling with him.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;">“Old Wea was a black, nasty, mottled color, not a white man, nor a nigger. Old White Eyes was a yeller Indian and so was his son.”</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">While <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Jackson</st1:place></st1:city> didn’t link <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Johnnie Wea </span>to the Wea tribe, the Weas were Miami Indians who were living apart from the main tribe, while the description of Wea suggests a mixture of Indian, white and black ancestry. The description of <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">White Eyes</span> also doesn’t state explicitly that the man was a mixed breed. But the phrase “Yeller Indian” uses a term that commonly described those who had Indian and black ancestry.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Another account printed in the Courier was from <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Hiram Prather</span></b>, who lived in <st1:place style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jennings</st1:placename></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></st1:placename></st1:place><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">.</span></b> Prather described <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">White Eyes</span></b> and <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Big John</span></b> as Captins under <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Bill Killbuck</span></b>. According to this account <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Bill Kilbuck</span></b> “was half white, could read and write, and was the son of old Kilbuck, who was killed by <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Captain Collins</span></b> near the <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Pigeon Roost Settlement</span> the evening before the massacre.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">There was a lot of opportunity for commingling.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Two Indians with European names, <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Wilson</span></b> and <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">John Guinn</span></b>, were reported to be living in the house of <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Gershom Lee</span></b> in 1812. (Lee lived just downstream from Manville in 1816 and was probably there in 1812) <span style=""> </span>Sometime before the <b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Pigeon Roost Massacre</span></b>, the two were hunting at the headwaters of <b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Indian-Kentuck Creek</span></b> when they were shot and killed. Two settlers, <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">William Hall</span></b> and a <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Lockridge</span></b>, heard the gunfire and found them dead on the ground. (These is the account that probably gave rise to the story of the killing of <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">White Eyes</span></b>. Evidence suggests that White Eyes was not murdered.) This account was given in a letter dated Sept. 9, 1812, which was written by adjutant general <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Percival Butler</span></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">It is known how long the Indians lived in Lee’s house or why they were there, although stories about White Eyes suggest the natives frequently visited settlers homes for meals.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">Some mixing took place before settlers arrived in </span><st1:state style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indiana</st1:place></st1:state><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">. These reports are especially prevalent regarding families who lived in the area of </span><st1:state style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Tennessee</st1:place></st1:state><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;"> inhabited by Cherokees. The Storms family, which moved to </span><st1:place style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Shelby</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Township</st1:placename></st1:place><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">, reportedly had Cherokee blood.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">There were white-Indian marriages in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>. But most are known only through family oral traditions that weren’t put down in writing until well after the event.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">George Miller</span>, who wrote a column for the Madison Courier for decades in the late 1900s, often described how his ancestor <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jacob Miller</span> was buried next to the wall of the <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Manville </span>cemetery because Jacob had married an Indian. Not far upstream in Madison Township, <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Samuel Brown,</span> who was born about 1799 in <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Pennsylvania</span>, is supposed to have married a woman named Half Moon, although the presume wife shown in the household in the 1850 census was Matilda, aged 45.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The censuses aren’t any help. The 1840 census asks only for a number of free blacks in Hoosier households while the 1850 and 1860 censuses asked only if residents were white, black or mulatto. <span style=""></span>And it’s easy to think those who were Indian, didn’t spread that information easily or often.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1748589241735860653.post-19450086021249420622008-06-09T07:25:00.000-07:002008-06-09T07:58:10.461-07:00Madison's First Burials--the Springdale Myth<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >There’s a large stone at the entrance to </span></b><st1:city st="on"><b><span style="font-family:Arial;"><st1:city style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);" st="on">Madison</st1:city></span></b></st1:city><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >’s </span></b><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><b><span style="font-family:Arial;"><st1:place style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Springdale</st1:placename></st1:place></span></b></st1:placename><b><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></b></st1:place><b> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></b><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" > bearing the date 1810. Unfortunately, it has nothing to do with the date the cemetery was established.</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">Because, even if there may have been some burials in the plain before <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Springdale</st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"></span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b> </b></span>was established in 1839, the person who was supposedly buried there in 1810 wasn’t even born until 1824.<o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">The claim is that <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Fanny Sullivan</span></b> who died in 1810 was the first known burial. However, this Fanny’s identity is well known—she was the teenage daughter of noted <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> lawyer <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Jeremiah Sullivan</span></b>. In fact, when the DAR published in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></st1:placename></st1:place> transcriptions in 1941 it showed the following: “Sullivan, Francis E., May 2, 1824 - Oct 7, 1839, d/o Jer. & C.R. Sullivan”</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">In a letter published in the Courier of April 21, 1879, <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Richard C. Meldrum,</span></b> a former <st1:city st="on"><st1:city st="on">Madison</st1:city></st1:city>, gave a string of reminiscences in which he mentioned “the first burial in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Springdale</st1:placename></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></st1:placename></st1:place> (Fanny Sullivan), a sweet young girl… “ (Meldrum was born about 1821/)</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" >Former Madisonian Ruth Hoggatt put together a solid list of facts about the land’s history. These included a deeded dated Nov. 28, 1848, between</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" > Milton Stapp</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" > and wife </span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Elizabeth</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" > and the city of </span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;" >Madison </span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" >which noted the city had completed payment under a bond dated 1838 and that the east side of a tract set off to Stapp had been conveyed to the City.</span></b><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">Certainly, the 1839 date was recognized local. In the <b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Madison Courier </span></b>of June 2, 1859, a paragraph transcribed by Ms. Hoggatt noted: "<st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Springdale</st1:placename></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></st1:placename></st1:place> was purchased and located in 1839, almost twenty years ago. <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Mr. Grayson,</span></b> the sexton, informs us that there have been buried in the twenty years in Springdale three thousand three hundred and thirty-two bodies — about one-third of the present number of the inhabitants of the city."</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">The date was again reported later in the 1800s. One of the more interesting accounts in the newspapers attributed to<b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> Fanny t</span></b>he statement that she believed she would be the first period buried there.</span><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" >There certainly is a possibility there were burials on the </span></b><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><st1:city style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:place st="on">Springdale</st1:place></st1:city></span></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" > side of Crooked Creek before the cemetery was formally organized. Many church cemeteries in </span></b><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><st1:place style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;" st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jefferson</st1:placename></st1:place></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></st1:place> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:placetype><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);font-family:Arial;" >, for example, grew out of family cemeteries that preceded the founded of the religious bodies.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial;">The DAR transcription of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Springdale</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city> burials, published in 1941, shows a <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Jozebad Lodge</span></b> (1767-1830), buried there. But the transcription shows no other death date inscriptions from the 1820s and only a handful in the 1830s earlier than 1839.</span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="">Where was the first burial in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city>? In an account published in the Madison Courier in 1874, <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">James Lewis</span></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> </span>said that before the <st1:placename st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Third</span></b></st1:placename></st1:placename><b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"> <st1:placename st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Street</st1:placename></st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Cemetery</st1:placetype></st1:placetype></span></b> (now the site of John Paul Park) was established in 1817, "the burying ground was up in<b><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"> <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Fulton</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city></span></b>, above Greiner's Brewery." Fulton, which was briefly an separate town bordering Madison on the East at Ferry Street, was also cited by an author identified as "The Wanderer" in a series of reminiscences published in 1889. He cited the first burial as a <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Mrs. Slack</span></b> who was buried, "<span style="font-family:Arial;">in the pioneer graveyard on the bank of the town near the corner of <st1:street st="on"><st1:address st="on"><st1:street st="on"><st1:address st="on"><st1:street st="on"><st1:address st="on">Ferry Street</st1:address></st1:street></st1:address></st1:street></st1:address></st1:street> in what is now <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Madison</st1:place></st1:city>.”</span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Bob Scotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04952413684851071838noreply@blogger.com0